This thesis addresses the critical environmental challenges of rapid urban expansion in developing countries, focusing on the impact of urban growth on aquatic ecosystems. The research centers on Xochimilco, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Mexico City, renowned for its ancient Aztec chinampa system—a sustainable agricultural practice that once achieved a delicate balance between food production and ecological management. However, unchecked urbanization has disrupted this balance, resulting in water contamination, reduced agricultural productivity, and a compromised water cycle. To address these issues, this thesis proposes a modern reinvention of the chinampa system using a modular structure of hexagons crafted from sustainable materials such as tezontle (volcanic rock), adobe, and volcanic ash. By integrating contemporary scientific, architectural, and technological approaches—such as design and structural optimization, along with the combination of zeolite and pozzolana for filtration—the system features a porous design that facilitates the cleaning of polluted water, supported by the incorporation of oxygenating plants. The modular design also includes agricultural platforms that enhance biodiversity and promote sustainable crop production, reflecting the ecological practices of pre-Hispanic times.   

The study employs a phased methodology, beginning with environmental mapping and analysis to identify vulnerable areas within Xochimilco. Using simulations and microclimatic data, the research strategically places these floating systems to maximize ecological benefits. The aim is to develop a new urban fabric that aligns with Xochimilco’s water systems, fostering resilience, ecological restoration, and sustainable development. By blending Indigenous knowledge with modern technology, this thesis offers a blueprint for urban development that prioritizes water sustainability and restores the ecological balance of the ancient chinampa system.